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knows (knows)

The epistemic predicate of knowing. (knows agent formula) means that agent knows the proposition expressed by formula. Note that knows entails conscious awareness, so this Predicate cannot be used to express tacit or subconscious or unconscious knowledge.

Ontology

SUMO / BASE-ONTOLOGY

Class(es)

class

inheritable relation

propositional attitude

knows

Superrelation(s)

in scope of interest

knows

Coordinate term(s)

believes considers desires

Type restrictions

knows(cognitive agent, formula)

Related WordNet synsets

cognition, knowledge: the psychological result of perception and learning and reasoning
knowing: clear and certain mental apprehension
cognizance, ken: range of what one can know or understand
known: apprehended with certainty; "a known quantity"; "the limits of the known world"; "a musician known throughout the world"; "a known criminal"

See more related synsets on a separate page.

Axioms (8)

If knows , then believes .

(=>
      (knows  )
      (believes  ))

If knows , then is true.

(=>
      (knows  )
      (true  true))

If is an instance of measuring and is an agent of and is a patient of , then there exist , so that knows "the measure of is " (s)"" immediately after "the time of existence of ".

(=>
      (and
            (instance  measuring)
            (agent  )
            (patient  ))
      (exists
            ( )
            (holds during
                  (immediate future fn
                        (when fn ))
                  (knows
                        
                        (measure
                              
                              (measure fn  ))))))

If is an instance of counting and is an agent of and is a patient of , then there exists so that knows ""the number of instances in " is equal to ".

(=>
      (and
            (instance  counting)
            (agent  )
            (patient  ))
      (exists
            ()
            (knows
                  
                  (equal
                        (cardinality fn )
                        ))))

If is an instance of investigating and is an agent of and is a patient of , then doesn't know the time of existence of .

(=>
      (and
            (instance  investigating)
            (agent  )
            (patient  ))
      (holds during
            (when fn )
            (not
                  (knows  ))))

If is an instance of diagnostic process and is an agent of , then there exists so that has &n purpose " knows " causes "" for .

(=>
      (and
            (instance  diagnostic process)
            (agent  ))
      (exists
            ()
            (has purpose for agent
                  
                  (knows
                        
                        (causes  ))
                  )))

If is an instance of questioning and is an agent of and is a patient of and is an instance of formula, then doesn't know the time of existence of .

(=>
      (and
            (instance  questioning)
            (agent  )
            (patient  )
            (instance  formula))
      (holds during
            (when fn )
            (not
                  (knows  ))))

If is an instance of seeing and is an agent of and is a patient of , then

illuminated is an attribute of
there exists color attribute so that knows " is an attribute of "

(=>
      (and
            (instance  seeing)
            (agent  )
            (patient  ))
      (and
            (attribute  illuminated)
            (exists
                  ()
                  (and
                        (instance  color attribute)
                        (knows
                              
                              (attribute  ))))))